Showing posts with label eight. Show all posts
Showing posts with label eight. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Justice — VIII

Tarot de Marseilles 
Justice, harmony, equity, virtue, honor, virginity, just reward, good intentions, well-meaning actions, advice, self-satisfaction 

The first juicy thing about Justice is that she is not always rendered as card VIII. Sometimes she is placed as card XI, switching places with Strength, which is a more modern placement. 

Traditionally, the decks like the Marsailles Tarot decks have placed the Justice card as the 8th card, and the Strength card as the 11th card in the Major Arcana. The images remained pretty much the same as they are today - just the numbering was different. 

Justice still sat on a throne with a sword in one hand and a pair of scales in the other, while Strength still tamed a child beast and had the semblance of an Ouroboros on top of the head.

Many conjecture that this placement was made in order to confuse people about the true placement. Naturally, with the symbolism present in the cards, Justice would correspond astrologically with Libra, and Strength with Leo. With the traditional placement, the natural order of the astrological signs in the Major Arcana was upset. However, from the numerological point of view, this placement made a lot of sense. 8 is the number of balance and therefore Justice sits just right in this situation. And therefore, it is said that this placement was done more in keeping with numerological system than the astrological system. Strength and Tarot Crds in Tarot

Without making judgment as to which placement is most just, or making argument as to which trump ought to be eight, Justice will be investigated as card VIII in keeping with the traditional arrangement.

The notion that eight is a "number of balance" is somewhat obscured in the Roman numeral numbering system. Written as VIII (5 + 3), it is not at first obvious that 8 is also 4 + 4 which is balanced. However, in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs the number eight was written with four lines above and four lines below, and so this connection is readily apparent.  Transliterated to English it is pronounced  ḫmnw [ḫamanaw]"eight"(m.), ḫmnt [amanat] "eight"(f.)

eight - 8
The Ogdoad [from the ancient Greek rendering όγδοάς "the Eightfold," ḫmnyw in Egyptian] were eight primordial gods/deities worshiped at Hermopolis.



They stand in a configuration that is representative of the number eight itself. It is a balanced look with four sets of male( frog headed) / female (snake headed) pairs. 

Being primordial they are foundational. In this respect they correspond to Ma'at the ancient Egyptian goddess / concept representing truth, justice, balance, and order with which the world was created, and was in opposition to chaos/injustice (Isfet).

Not only was Ma'at foundational in this sense as a concept, she was also literally the foundation, [she] representing the plinth (we might say "mat") which thrones were set upon. 

Osiris seated on (two goddesses), a st "seat, place," that is, a throne (st / Aset/Isis[Gk.]) placed on a plinth(maa / Ma'at)

As a determinative the plinth hieroglyph (which formed the sound maa) had the meaning "platform; podium, Maat." 

       plinth hiroglyph = phonogram maa, Maat = Maa + t (common feminine gender indication)
Maat was depicted as a woman wearing a crown with a single ostrich feather protruding from it. She is occasionally depicted as a winged goddess. Her totem was a stone platform representing the stable foundation on which order was built and the primeval mound which first emerged from the waters of Nun (chaos [*primeval waters]). Maat, Ancient Egypt online
Ma'at is the foundation (mat) of everything just like the Ogdoad, the eight.

The hearts of the deceased were weighed against the feather of Maat / truth, upon the scales in the Hall of Judgment

Weighing of the heart ceremony[detail], Scales of Ma'at, Papyrus from tomb of scribe Hunefer, Thebes, 19th Dynasty, c.1285 BC, British Museum

So the scales have to do with the weighing of the heart which took place following death to determine whether a person would get to continue onto the afterlife, or, be otherwise consumed by Ammit, called the second death.

The eighth astrological house corresponds to the sign of Scorpio [a fixed water sign] whose {modern day} ruler is Pluto [aka, Hades, god of the underworld, god of death and rebirth, transformation, akin to Osiris of the ancient Egyptians who oversaw the weighing of the heart, called the "Judgment of Osiris"].

The 12 Houses - We'Moon

The eighth house is described by some (generally) as the house of death [a change of state, exchange of energy (such as in literal death, the body changes state, i.e., turns back to "dust")], sex [exchange of energy], money [lended and owed; a different type of energy exchange] and taxes.

This house is about rebirth, regeneration and the transformation of energy. Joint financial matters also come under the eighth house. (To the ancients, money is a form of concentrated energy.) The financial dealings in this house do not include earned income (that would be covered by the second house), but do cover money you lend and also owe others. Prizes, gifts, inheritances, tax payments and refunds, bonuses, commissions, royalties, child support, alimony, mortgages, credit, loans, and venture capitol are the kinds of transactions ruled by the eight house. Astrology Zone, by Susan Miller

So, perhaps we could say, the house of depths and the deep in keeping with its water element. 

Death is the great equalizer.

All share a common destiny - the righteous and the wicked, the good and the bad, the clean and the unclean, those who offer sacrifices and those who do not. As it is with the good, so with the sinful; as it is with those who take oaths, so with those who are afraid to take them Ecclesiastes 9:2, NIV

The person who is wicked "weighs" the same as the righteous in this respect. And the rich "weigh" the same as the poor in this respect as well, "For dust you are, And to dust you shall return."Gen. 3:19 

Only later, after death, at the weighing of the heart ceremony, where justice is meted out by Ma'at, do the wicked come to a separate end than the the good/just (those whose hearts balance against the feather of Ma'at).

The Halloween Tarot (art Kippling West), by Karen Lee: Justice, fairness, equality. Achieve balance through elimination of excess baggage, ill-conceived ideas, and misdirected efforts. 

The scales have to do with equalizing. Why is it that the scales stand for justice? The two scales [i.e., the pans of the balance] connected by the beam indicate without bias the relationship between two things or quantities of things and achieve balance when the two sides weigh the same, regardless of their form, or apparent shape and size. The scales do not lie in this respect. So if we want to know how to determine equal or particular quantities of a thing we can use the scales as a tool for meting this out justly.

Justice is from

mid-12c., "the exercise of authority in vindication of a right by assigning reward or punishment;" also "quality of being fair and just; moral soundness and conformity to truth," from Old French justice "justice, legal rights, jurisdiction" (11c.), from Latin iustitia "righteousness, equity," from iustus "upright, just" (see just (adj.)).

Just (adj.) is from Latin ius "a right," especially, "a legal right, law". 

There are manmade laws, which can change, and there are laws which cannot change such as the laws of nature. One such law is known as Paschal's law / Principle. According to Paschal's law, any force applied to a confined fluid is transmitted uniformly in all directions throughout the fluid regardless of the shape of the container. This law allows for machines such as the hydraulic press. 

Liquid seeks its own level, i.e., balance

Because force is transmitted uniformly throughout a fluid, liquids generally right themselves, that is, liquids seek their own level (from Latin libella dim. of libra "balance, scale, unit of weight"). Juice is liquid. So juice is just. 

And juice is ultimately from the same Latin word, ius [as is "justice"], however it is said to be from ius meaning "broth, sauce, juice, soup." Juice is from ius. Justice is from ius. 

Juice = ius = Justice

So it seems oddly fitting that a Magic 8 Ball is filled with a liquid (juice) to tell what's up.

Magic 8 Ball, "Signs Point to Yes," photo by Julie O.

Eight is said to be from Old English eatha, æhta, from Proto-Germanic *akhto (also the source of German acht) "eight."

However, the German interjection achtung, meaning "attention! watch out!" has this word "eight" in it. Achtung is said to be from:

German acht (n.)  meaning "attention, care, heed, consideration," achten (v.) "pay attention to, regard, esteem, respect,"from Old High German ahton "pay attention to," a general Germanic word akin to Old English eathian "to estimate, esteem, consider, praise," but with no living native descendants in English.

So Achtung, a German word, with the German word for eight (8) in it (acht), comes from a word, i.e., ahton, meaning "pay attention to," which itself is a word "akin" to the Old English word eathian, which itself also has a variation the Old English word for eight (8), i.e., eatha, in it. 

achtung : acht :: ethian : eatha

This attention can also mean something like danger, calling to mind the "power of a lord or master, jurisdiction," and the dominant, like the judges, Dan (dayyan), of the Pentateuch, which is a noun from the verb din "to judge." To Din / Dan "judge" is to put one in a position of imminent jeopardy; Danger.

And Achtung! which means something like Attention! itself sounds similar to the English interjection Action! (which is the cue given to start acting).

Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more; it is a tale
Told by and idiot, full of sound and fury . . . 


One use of the word action is "a charge or other process in a law court" (such as a class action). As a noun action comes from:

mid-14thc., accioun, "cause or grounds for a lawsuit," from Anglo-French accioun, action (12c.) "action; lawsuit, case," from Latin actionem (nominative of actio) "a putting in motion; preforming, a doing; public acts, official conduct; lawsuit, legal action, noun of action from past participle stem agere "to do" (from PIE root *ag- "to dive, draw out or forth, move").

So linguistically there does seem to be some connection between these words denoting attention / action and the number eight, and therefore some connection between the German acht as "attention, care, heed, consideration" and acht as "eight."

We also have the notion of attention or taking heed connected to eight in the form of the eight ball in billiards, because, if the eight ball is played at the wrong time it can cause the player to lose the game of Eight Ball. 

Magic 8 Ball, photo by Julie O.

One version of pool is the game of Eight Ball, in which the numbered balls must be pocketed in numerical order except for the eight ball. . . If the cue ball accidentally hits the eighth ball or the black ball, that is a foul shot. . . If the eight ball is pocketed, the game is lost. Grammarist-Behind the Eight Ball

Perhaps we could say the the eight ball being black is representative of death, and being pocketed is representative of dying and traveling to the hall of Osiris for the meting out of justice. We wouldn't want "the game" of life to end prematurely before the good work is accomplished.

I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, and I have remained faithful.
And now the prize awaits me–– the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will give me on the day of his return. And the prize is not just for me but for all who eagerly look forward to his appearing. 2 Timothy 4:7-8

However, when the 8 Ball is played at the right time, that is, when all the other balls have already been pocketed, it is beneficial to sink it. 

The 8 Ball represents the idea of chance because it can refer to both good and bad luck. It is also associated with having a sense of balance. Like the yin and yang, the 8 ball reminds people to take the good with the bad. Grammarist-Behind the Eight Ball

When we use the word "attention" in English it may be in the form of a caution, warning or danger sign. There are laws about what one aught to do, but when danger is involved the call to attention or caution is for one's own good. There are consequences to actions following from the various laws of nature. For example when a rock becomes loose on a mountainside it rolls down (sometimes onto the road), or when a metal container is holding a hot liquid the container will be hot even if it doesn't look hot. If the laws of nature are not heeded one can easily become injured or even . . . killed . . . dead . . . the end. These laws just are and can never be changed. In this way they judge and are just

Thoth Tarot Deck, Alister Crowley: ADJUSTMENT or traditionally Justice. 

We learn a lot about the world by measuring / (Ma'at-ing) / weighing / balancing) outcomes against these laws. We might say this is a type of adjustment or calibration. For example, we can measure temperature against the point at which water freezes (32° F / 0°C), and we measure the velocity of a falling object against the force of gravity over a period of time (v=g*t). These constants form one arm of the balance so to speak. It's all relative. If you have anything, you can measure something else against it, and that measuring, i.e., Ma'at-ing makes a platform / foundation for meaning and functioning in an otherwise chaotic cacophony of infinity and infinite potential. Or we might say, the mating (pairing of two things) is creative. 

8 is shemoneh / shemonah in Hebrew from shaman "fat, lusty, plenteous." We might say that the earth is "fat, lusty, plenteous".  . .  that is, round, fecund, abundant, Gaia "earth" is the quintessential shaman. Shaman meaning, "a priest or priestess who uses magic for the purpose of curing the sick, divining the hidden, controlling events." Isn't that exactly why we are incarnated upon her body? To be cured, to be enlightened, to be formed / created anew? She is the great "pool" table / plinth / foundation; 71% covered by water. She is the Earth ball (Eatha "eight" [Old English] ball), our magic carpet (mat) / primordial foundation (Ma'at) carrying us, flying us, rolling us, through space.

The 8 (Eight) Ball  – The Acht (Old High German Ahto "eight") Ball  – The Oct (from PIE *Okto(u) "eight") Ball

There is this aw sound in the origin of eight, like the "aw" in aught (n.) which element is said to be from Proto-Germanic *aiwi- "ever," extended form of PIE root *aiw- "vital force, life; long life, eternity." 

So this aw can have the meaning of eternity, Ewigkeit , which is infinity, which, in fact is represented by a sideways 8! 



Achtung!!


Thursday, March 2, 2017

A Rose by Any Other Name


O! be some other a name: What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. So Romeo would, if he were not Romeo called... -Romeo and Juliet, Act II, scene II
Garden Rose, photo by Julie O. /chthonickore

That may be true in one sense, but what if the name change was to a word not so flattering, such as Romeo to Gollum or rose to lacerator (because of the thorns)? Does a name affect its object, or the object its name? It is most likely that both do to a certain extent. 

The word rose comes from Latin rosa, probably from Greek rhodon "rose"(Aeolic / Lesbic dialect wrodon), probably ultimately from or related to the Iranian root *vrda- . Vard is "rose", from OIran. *urda. So, in these cases, a rose by another name is, in fact, still a rose, even if it has another name. Rose is a rosa, is a rhodon, is a vard.

   Not a Rose - photo by Julie O. /chthonickore  

What if we called a rose "orchid" instead? Would it smell as sweet? 


Orchid is from Latin orchis, meaning a kind of orchid, from Greek orkhis "orchid", literally "testicle", from PIE *orghi-, the standard root for "testicle". Named after the shape of the roots.


I dub thee "testicle", you're welcome.

I suppose roses would still smell good if they were called orchids(some orchids smell good), but perhaps the reputation of the flower would be tarnished in some way if we actually named it "testicle". . . Give your sweetheart two dozen testes for Valentine's Day? Humm, probably not. 

Of course there is some reason for an orchid to be called "orchid", and not for a rose to be called "orchid". Words have histories. Sometimes those stories are hidden, as in the case of orchid(which in this case is fortunate), but they are not usually completely arbitrary. 

Maybe Juliet should thank her lucky stars that she wasn't named after a flower since she is so willing to be flippant. Perhaps she might have been named Rose herself, and what if we then changed her name to Orchid instead? Orchids are very beautiful. They would probably make a great namesake if only they were named after something less. . . hairy.


               Some Hairy Coconuts 

Testicle or Testis comes from Latin testis "testicle". It is usually said to derive its meaning from testis "witness", "presumably because it 'bears witness to male virility' [Barnhart]"Online Etymological Dictionary, as one suggested meanings. In the Greek there is a similar connection, parastatai is "testicles" and parastates is "one that stands by". 
But Buck thinks Greek parastatai "testicles" has wrongly been associated with the legal sense of parastates "supporter, defender" and suggests instead parastatai in the sense of twin "supporting pillars, props of a mast," etc. - Online Etymology Dictionary, testis (n.)
Interesting, let's get back to that in a second. But first... 

There is also another interesting theory. And perhaps there might be truth in both. 
OED, meanwhile points to Wald's suggestion of a connection between testis and testa "pot, shell, etc." Online Etymology Dictionary, testis (n.)
Testum / Testa is "potshell" in Latin. Testicles are sometimes called nuts, and they do resemble walnut shells.
Walnuts

The Ancient Egyptian goddess Nut / Nuit (Nwt), the goddess of the sky was sometimes depicted with a pot crown / headdress. 


                                                                  
Nut the goddess of the sky has a testum for her crown. And this is what is said of Nut.
Her arms and legs were imagined to be the pillars of the sky. and hands and feet were thought to touch the four cardinal points at the horizon. -thekeep.org, Nut, Sky Goddess, Mother of the Gods

It is even reasonable to think that a transliteration of some form of chet spoken aloud could come out to something sounding like "testa / is", even though it doesn't look that way on the surface. 

Chet / Heth is a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Chet is a guttural letter. The sound is produced at the back of the throat and sounds something like "eight/h-ate". In fact it is sometimes represented in English by the letter H, as in Hanukkah, rather than Ch as in Chanukah, and it, in fact represents the number 8 in gematria.[It is even reasonable to think that a transliteration of some form of chet spoken aloud could come out to something sounding like "testa/is" to Latin speakers, even though it doesn't look that way on the surface. Things like that happen all the time when languages collide.]


Chet has very much to do with the meaning "life", as in chayyim, also, chaim, hayim, Haim. As you can see the letter has some resemblance to an 8 or a ladder, and also pillars or a gate written in script. Could these be like witnesses? And witnesses that have to do with giving life, as are testicles, the twins of the male reproductive system?

Chet looks a lot like the symbol for Gemini. Gemini is from Latin "twins". The, so called, silver Gate(G8 / G-eight / G-chet) of the heavens, or the Gate of Man. This gate lies between Taurus, the bull, and Gemini. 

♊️
       Gemini Astrological Symbol
                                                         

Also, speaking of the goddess Nut again, 
Far underneath her lay the earth god, Geb. . . She was also described as a cow goddess, taking on some of the attributes of Hathor. Geb was described as the 'Bull of Nut' in the Pyramid texts. As as a great, solar cow, she was thought to have carried Ra up into the heavens on her back(*as a ladder/stairway to heaven), after he retired from his rule on earth . . . At other times, she was just portrayed as a woman wearing her sign - a particular design of an Egyptian pot on her head... " -thekeep.org, Nut, Sky Goddess, Mother of the Gods,*my addition
So, Nut is associated with this cow of heaven. As the goddess in this form she is said to be supported by the eight Heh gods... or the Heh eight... Chet gods, huh?

 Heavenly Cow, from Tomb of Seti I

Which makes me wonder... If Nut had her testa (pots) knocked off her head, would she be Nut-ered (Neutered)? Think about it. If no one was watching there wouldn't be any testis (witness).

Nut was, in fact, also associated with the Maqet, a ladder symbol, as well, which looks very similar to the pictograph chet.
As a goddess of the dead, in the Old Kingdom it was believed that the deceased could climb up to her after death. Utterance 474 of the Pyramid texts state that, "N. goes therewith to his mother Nut; N. climbs upon her, in this her name of 'Ladder'". Maqet(m3qt) was the ancient Egyptian word for 'ladder'. -thekeep.org, Nut, Sky Goddess, Mother of the Gods
And where does this ladder take you? To the heavens after you finish your earthly life. It carries you to the next and new life. 

Nut is also associated with the sacred tree, "Lady of the Sycamore". The Sycamore, then, was a Nut tree.
"The Osiris Ani saith:- Hail, thou Sycamore tree of the goddess Nut!..." The Book of the Dead(The Book of Coming Forth by Day)

In Hebrew mysticism (Kabbala) there is the "Tree of Life" or Etz haChayim, also the known as the 10 SephirotSo like Nut, the tree (etz) being of chayim also calls to mind the ladder (maqet) as the letter chet, in chayim. 

Remember when Adam and Eve were cast out of heaven, their way to the tree of life was cut off. You might say their Nut was taken away, or their Nut(s) were cut off from them. They were chastised. Castigated. Castrated from heaven even, maybe we could say chastated or casticised.
After Sending them out, he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life. Genesis 3:24, NLT
But in Jacob's dream he saw a ladder to heaven (Nut), and with God above it. So in his case he had his Nut's back (for the angels to ascend and descend upon). 
And he dreamed, and behold, there was a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. And behold, the angels of God were ascending and descending on it! Genesis 28:12  NASB
Sometimes the traditions of the Tree of Life and the World Tree merge. And, similarly to Nut, as the pillar of the heavens and cardinal points on the zodiac, the world tree is associated with the axis-mundi (world axis), or cosmic axis, and is the immovable center pillar of the universe, around which the zodiac travels.


So, I guess we could say that, in a sense, the testicles could be seen as nuts on the tree of life, and the witnesses (testis) at the Gate of Man? So the testicles are at the stairway to heaven? ..."Cuz you know sometimes words have two meanings... Ooh, it makes me wonder." -Stairway to Heaven, Led Zeppelin 

When you think about it like that though, maybe an orchid should be proud that it's named after its testicles, amirite? Heh, who would have thought that "orchid" could pack such meaning? Thats really Nuts!
O! be some other name: What's in a name? That which we call a testicle by any other name would be as hairy. So Romeo would, if he were not Romeo called...
Hmm, nah.  I think we should stay with rose, ... orchid even.




Sunday, March 29, 2015

Rascally Rabbits

Rabbit is from late 14c., "young of the coney", from the French robète, diminutive of flemish or Middle Dutch robbe "rabbit". Of unknown origin according to the online etymology dictionary. 


It is interesting, however, that in Arabic RaBBat is "lady, mistress, female idol". Rabbits are known for their prolific breading habits (a mother rabbit can have forty or more babies a year), and, thus, symbolize fertility, abundance and the cycle of life which is very yin / feminine symbolism. 



    A Rabbit and a RaBBat. . . (they should do this in chocolate!)

In fact "rabbit / coney" in Hebrew is shaphan which is linguistically similar to the Hebrew saphan "treasure", and shepha "abundance".


    Abundant Colored Eggs

Robe (similar to the Dutch robe "rabbit") is from Old French robe "long, loose outer garment", from West Germanic *raubo "booty". 

Well, booty is treasure, and sometimes abundant treasure. So a rabbit which symbolizes abundance is possibly named from a word with connotations of abundance, and people make garments out of rabbit skin, sometimes robes, or blankets.
Bye, oh baby bunting. Daddy's gone a hunting. To fetch a little rabbit skin. To wrap his baby bunting in.
Daddy fetches a rabbit (shaphan) skin to wrap(or robe) his treasure (saphan, i.e., his baby) in.


     Full Skin Rabbit Fur Coat, furoutlet.com


Eostre is a Germanic female goddess of fertility and springtime. Therefore, we could say she is a RaBBAT, and rightly associated with rabbits.

    Eostre 

Easter is from Old English easterdæg, from Eastre (Northumbrian Eostre), from Proto Germanic *austron- "dawn", from *aust- "east", literally "toward the sunrise".

Easter is celebrated the Sunday after the first full (pregnant) moon after the spring equinox. The vernal equinox is the time when the hours of light during a day begin to take precedence over the hours of darkness. It is a time of newness, new life, and resurrection. It is the dawn of the zodiacal year when the sun moves from Pisces (12th sign) to Aries (1st sign; the ram at its beginning, i.e., a lamb).


    A Baby Ram

In Greek Easter is known as Lambros / Lampros translated as "shining, bright", like the eastern horizon, and dawn of the day. It is the glorious rising of the sun. It is the kind of brightness that only comes after experiencing darkness. . . it is the morning! Resurrection! Salvation!!
The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and its lamp is the Lamb. Revelation 21:23

East is ultimately from PIE *aus- (1) "to shine", especially of the dawn. Cognate with Greek aurion "morning". 

Venus is the bright, shining (east-er) morning star (dawn star), and the name of the Roman Goddess of love, sex and beauty. Her counterpart in Greek is Aphrodite. Here she is depicted in lambros "shining, bright" marble.



    Crouching Aphrodite, Louvre Museum

Ishtar (Innana in Sumerian) is the Assyrian / Akkadian / Babylonian goddess of love, sex, war and fertility. A possible origin of her name is from the stem Assur, meaning "leading one, chief"(like the morning?). She was the divine personification of the planet Venus. Her symbol was the eight-pointed star which signified the planet Venus(eight points to emphasize its abundant shininess?). In Sanskrit "eight" is astau. The Greek name for Ishtar was Astarte. So perhaps the Greeks named Ishtar after her symbol, the eight pointed star, rather than after her shininess (Eoster/Easter).

In Hebrew "eight" is shemoneh or shemonah, and sheman is "fatness, or fertile place," shamen is "fat, robust, rich". Fertile and fat. That sounds pregnant. Even the look of the number 8 is pregnant. The number eight is similar in appearance to the infinity sign, which we might say is a eight on its side (giving birth?) 



Infinity is the womb of creation and, therefore, a womb of abundance. Fertility and abundance is also symbolized by those. . . rascally rabbits.

In this way the infinity sign could be thought of as a yin / feminine type of symbol, and perhaps even a symbol representing the "fertile place" sheman, which is, the female goddesses, or the RaBBat, Eoster / Ishtar / Astarte / Venus, who heralds (or we might say, gives birth to) the new day, the day of resurrection. . . 



Easter!